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Folliculitis

Pseudofolliculitis barbae; Tinea barbae; Barber's itch

Folliculitis is inflammation of one or more hair follicles. It can occur anywhere on the skin.

Causes

Folliculitis starts when hair follicles are damaged or when the follicle is blocked. For example, this may occur from rubbing against clothing or shaving. Most of the time, the damaged follicles become infected with staphylococci (staph) bacteria.

Barber's itch is a staph infection of the hair follicles in the beard area, usually the upper lip. Shaving makes it worse. Tinea barbae is similar to barber's itch, but the infection is caused by a fungus.

Pseudofolliculitis barbae is a disorder that occurs mainly in African American men. If curly beard hairs are cut too short, they may curve back into the skin and cause inflammation.

Folliculitis can affect people of all ages.

Symptoms

Common symptoms include a rash, itching, and pimples or pustules near a hair follicle in the neck, groin, or genital area. The pimples may crust over.

Exams and Tests

Your health care provider can diagnose this condition by looking at your skin. Lab tests may show which bacteria or fungus is causing the infection.

Treatment

Warm, moist compresses may help drain the affected follicles.

Treatment may include antibiotics applied to the skin or taken by mouth, or an antifungal medicine.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Folliculitis often responds well to treatment, but it may come back.

Possible Complications

Folliculitis may return or spread to other body areas.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Apply home treatment and contact your provider if your symptoms:

  • Come back often
  • Get worse
  • Last longer than 2 or 3 days

Prevention

To prevent further damage to the hair follicles and infection:

  • Reduce friction from clothing.
  • Avoid shaving the area, if possible. If shaving is necessary, use a clean, new razor blade or an electric razor each time.
  • Keep the area clean.
  • Avoid contaminated clothing and washcloths.
Open References

References

Dinulos JGH. Bacterial infections. In: Dinulos JGH, ed. Habif's Clinical Dermatology: A Color Guide in Diagnosis and Therapy. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 9.

James WD, Elston DM, Treat JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM. Bacterial infections. In: James WD, Elston DM, Treat JR, Rosenbach, MA, Neuhaus IM, eds. Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 14.

James WD, Elston DM, Treat JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM. Diseases of the skin appendages. In: James WD, Elston DM, Treat JR, Rosenbach, MA, Neuhaus IM, eds. Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 33.

  • Folliculitis - decalvans on the scalp

    Folliculitis - decalvans on the scalp - illustration

    Folliculitis, decalvans causes scarring with hair loss (alopecia). There are areas of corn stalking (grouped hairs arising within the area of alopecia), redness (erythema), crusting, and pustules. Due to severe scarring, permanent hair loss occurs in the involved sites.

    Folliculitis - decalvans on the scalp

    illustration

  • Folliculitis on the leg

    Folliculitis on the leg - illustration

    Folliculitis has caused redness (erythema) and pus-filled blisters (pustules) to form around the hair follicles on this person's leg. This condition may be caused by infection or an irritation, such as shaving.

    Folliculitis on the leg

    illustration

  • Folliculitis - decalvans on the scalp

    Folliculitis - decalvans on the scalp - illustration

    Folliculitis, decalvans causes scarring with hair loss (alopecia). There are areas of corn stalking (grouped hairs arising within the area of alopecia), redness (erythema), crusting, and pustules. Due to severe scarring, permanent hair loss occurs in the involved sites.

    Folliculitis - decalvans on the scalp

    illustration

  • Folliculitis on the leg

    Folliculitis on the leg - illustration

    Folliculitis has caused redness (erythema) and pus-filled blisters (pustules) to form around the hair follicles on this person's leg. This condition may be caused by infection or an irritation, such as shaving.

    Folliculitis on the leg

    illustration

 

Review Date: 10/20/2022

Reviewed By: Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Clinical Professor, Department of Family Medicine, UW Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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